Everything about Pandolfo Iii Malatesta totally explained
Pandolfo III Malatesta (c.
1369 –
October 3 1427) was an Italian
condottiero and lord of
Fano, a member of the famous
House of Malatesta.
Biography
He was the second son of
Galeotto Malatesta. After the latter's death, the Malatesta lands were divided: he received Fano, while his brothers
Carlo,
Andrea and
Galeotto Novello inherited
Rimini,
Cesena and
Cervia, respectively. Galeotto's sons were educated under humanists like
Giacomo Allegretti and the famous
Francesco Filelfo.
Pandolfo began his career as condottiero at the age of 18, leading a band of
masnadieri to ravage Tuscany. In
1388 he accepted a
condotta from
Venice against the
Carraresi family of
Padua. In 1393 he fought with Andrea against the
Ordelaffi of
Forlì, but his occupation of
Todi and
Narni, then part of the neighbouring
Papal States, attracted him the
excommunication of
Pope Boniface IX. Later pardoned, he fought against the
Visconti of Milan in a League supporting
Francesco I Gonzaga of
Mantua.
Pandolfo then went on crusade in the
Holy Land, returning in 1402. Hired by
Gian Galeazzo Visconti, he fought in the victorious
battle of Casalecchio against
Bologna, and was subsequently named governor of that city. After Gian Galeazzo's death, he acted as advisor of his widow Caterina. He took advantage of that position, as well as of other condottas for Italian states, to enlarge his small seigniory and ravage the neighbouring states and cities (like
Trezzo and
Como in 1403, followed by
Brescia in 1404, which he received from the Visconti as payment of his 200,000
ducati credit, and
Bergamo in 1407).
In 1413 he was created
capitano generale (commander-in-chief) of the Venetian armies, and fought against King
Sigismund of Hungary. A victory at
Udine and a skillful retreat granted him a palace in Venice, and the title of Duke of
Crete, which he refused. However, his territories in Lombardy were soon attacked by
Francesco Bussone, condottiero of the new Visconti Duke
Filippo Maria and provided with a strong army. Pandolfo lost Bergamo and Brescia by 1421. In 1424, in the course of the
First War in Lombardy, the Florentine army led by the Malatesta brothers (with 10,000 cavalry and 3,000 infantry) was severely defeated at the
battle of Zagonara. Carlo was captured and Pandolfo fled to Cesena with a few men-at-arms. He therefore lost
Imola and
Faenza to the Visconti, but managed to keep Fano thank to the intercession of
Pope Martin V.
In the following years Malatesta devote to humanistic studies and to embellish his city.
Pandolfo Malatesta died in Fano in 1427. He is buried in the
Tempio Malatestiano rebuilt by his illegitimate son,
Sigismondo Malatesta, one of the most outstanding condottieri of the 15th century.
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